Re: `Random' seed.

[Matt Blaze <mab@crypto.com>]

> I've played around with something that Matt posted here a while back
> which seems to use the same idea.  Matt suggested that this appears to
> emit one random bit per second.  I've done some very lightweight
> analysis and haven't seen anything to suggest that the output is not
> random, but I wouldn't make any bets based on what I've done.

Here's my current favorite quick-and-dirty true-random-in-software generator.
Use at own risk and read the comments carefully...

-matt
===================cut here===========================
/*
 *	Physically random numbers (very nearly uniform)
 *	D. P. Mitchell 
 *	Modified by Matt Blaze 2/95
 */
/*
 * The authors of this software are Don Mitchell and Matt Blaze.
 *              Copyright (c) 1995 by AT&T.
 * Permission to use, copy, and modify this software without fee
 * is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice is included in
 * all copies of any software which is or includes a copy or
 * modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting
 * documentation for such software.
 *
 * This software may be subject to United States export controls.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
 * WARRANTY.  IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHORS NOR AT&T MAKE ANY
 * REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE MERCHANTABILITY
 * OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 */

/*
 * WARNING: depending on the particular platform, truerand() output may
 * be biased or correlated.  In general, you can expect about 16 bits of
 * "pseudo-entropy" out of each 32 bit word returned by truerand(),
 * but it may not be uniformly diffused.  You should therefore run
 * the output through some post-whitening function (like MD5 or DES or
 * whatever) before using it to generate key material.  (RSAREF's
 * random package does this for you when you feed truerand() bits to the
 * seed input function.)
 *
 * Test these assumptions on your own platform before fielding a system
 * based on this software or these techniques.
 *
 * This software seems to work well (at 16 bits per truerand() call) on
 * a Sun Sparc-20 under SunOS 4.1.3 and on a P100 under BSDI 2.0.  You're
 * on your own elsewhere.
 */

#include <signal.h>
#include <setjmp.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>

static jmp_buf env;
static unsigned count;
static unsigned ocount;
static unsigned buffer;

static int
tick()
{
	struct itimerval it, oit;

	timerclear(&it.it_interval);
	it.it_value.tv_sec = 0;
	it.it_value.tv_usec = 16665;
	if (setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &it, &oit) < 0)
		perror("tick");
}

static void
interrupt()
{
	if (count)
		longjmp(env, 1);
	(void) signal(SIGALRM, interrupt);
	tick();
}

static unsigned long
roulette()
{

	if (setjmp(env)) {
		count ^= (count>>3) ^ (count>>6) ^ ocount;
		count &= 0x7;
		ocount=count;
		buffer = (buffer<<3) ^ count;
		return buffer;
	}
	(void) signal(SIGALRM, interrupt);
	count = 0;
	tick();
	for (;;)
		count++;	/* about 1 MHz on VAX 11/780 */
}

unsigned long
truerand()
{

	count=0;
	(void) roulette();
	(void) roulette();
	(void) roulette();
	(void) roulette();
	(void) roulette();
	(void) roulette();
	(void) roulette();
	(void) roulette();
	(void) roulette();
	(void) roulette();
	return roulette();
}

int
n_truerand(n)
int n;
{
	int slop, v;

	slop = 0x7FFFFFFF % n;
	do {
		v = truerand() >> 1;
	} while (v <= slop);
	return v % n;
}